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WORDLIST:
human psyche – человеческая психика
primal, instinctual part of the personality – изначальная, инстинктивная часть личности
pleasure principle – принцип удовольствия
instant gratification – мгновенное удовлетворение
basic needs and desires – основные потребности и желания
external world – внешний мир
constraints of reality and the moral code – ограничения реальности и морального кодекса
moral conscience – моральная совесть
internalizing societal values – усвоение общественных ценностей
transgressions – нарушения
pleasure-seeking impulses – стремления к получению удовольствия
maintain equilibrium – сохранять равновесие
unconscious mental processes – бессознательные психические процессы
distort or block threatening thoughts – искажать или блокировать угрожающие мысли
unacceptable thoughts and feelings – неприемлемые мысли и чувства
Repression – Вытеснение
Projection – Проекция
Rationalization – Рационализация
possess – обладать
rival for his mother’s affections – соперник за привязанность матери
self-destruction and aggression – саморазрушение и агрессия
heir – наследник
Exercise 5
Fill in the gaps with some words or phrases from the wordlist.
1. The Id is the __________, driven by the pleasure principle.
2. The Ego balances the demands of the Id with the __________.
3. The Superego is the __________, internalizing societal values.
4. Defense mechanisms are __________, which protect the Ego from anxiety.
5. Repression is the unconscious burying of __________.
6. Projection is the attribution of one’s own __________ to others.
7. The Oedipus complex is a boy’s unconscious desire to __________ his mother.
UNIT 5
Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman (2011)
Key Ideas:
System 1 and System 2 Thinking
System 1:
Fast and automatic
Intuitive and emotional
Operates without conscious effort
Relies on heuristics (mental shortcuts) and biases
System 2:
Slow and deliberate
Rational and logical
Requires conscious effort
Used for complex tasks and decision-making
Cognitive Biases