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2. Dreams have two __________: the manifest content and the latent content.
3. The _____________ is the surface meaning of the dream.
4. The __________ is the underlying message of the dream.
5. Dreams can contain __________ that represent unconscious thoughts and desires.
6. Dreams serve a __________ by allowing us to experience forbidden desires in a safe way.
7. Freud’s theory of dreams has been criticized for its __________ and __________ applicability.
8. Some critics argue that dream interpretation is too __________ to be a valid method of psychological analysis.
9. Despite these criticisms, The Interpretation of Dreams remains a __________ work in the field of psychology.
Exercise 2
Are these statements TRUE or FALSE?
1. Freud believed that dreams are the «royal road» to the unconscious mind.
2. The latent content of a dream is its surface meaning.
3. Dream symbols can have specific meanings that can be discovered through analysis.
4. Freud’s theory of dreams has been universally accepted by the scientific community.
5. Dreams serve no purpose and are simply random brain activity.
6. The Interpretation of Dreams was Freud’s first published work.
7. Freud believed that dreams are always wish-fulfilling.
8. Some critics argue that dream interpretation is too vague to be a valid method of psychological analysis.
9. Dreams can help us to understand our repressed and hidden thoughts.
10. Freud’s ideas about dreams continue to be debated and discussed today.
UNIT 2
The Principles of Psychology by William James (1890)
Key Ideas:
Consciousness is a continuous stream of thought.
Habits are formed through association and are essential for social stability.
The self is a collection of experiences, not a fixed entity.
Emotions are physiological responses to stimuli, not cognitive judgments.
Instinct plays a significant role in human behavior.
Best Quotes:
«The stream of thought, which constitutes our conscious self, is sensibly continuous.»
«My thesis is that the essence of all consciousness is attention.»