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slow and deliberate – медленное и обдуманное
underlying facts – лежащие в основе факты
cognitive biases – когнитивные искажения
confirmation bias – склонность к подтверждению
interpret information – интерпретировать информацию
availability heuristic – эвристика доступности
gains and losses – выигрыши и потери
nudge theory – теория подталкивания
subtle interventions – тонкие вмешательства
without restricting their freedom of choice – не ограничивая их свободу выбора
trustworthiness – надежность
snap judgment – мгновенное суждение
reluctant – нерешительный
importance of saving for retirement – важность сбережений на пенсию
magnitude – величина
cautious adult who weighs the pros and cons – осторожный взрослый, который взвешивает все «за» и «против»
complexity – сложность
which integrates insights from psychology into economic models – которая интегрирует идеи из психологии в экономические модели
applications in policymaking – применение в политике
Exercise 6
Are these statements TRUE or FALSE?
1. System 1 thinking is slow and deliberate.
2. Cognitive biases can lead to errors in judgment.
3. Prospect theory suggests that people evaluate gains and losses equally.
4. The anchoring effect occurs when people rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive.
5. Nudge theory can be used to restrict people’s freedom of choice.
6. «Thinking, Fast and Slow» was written by Richard Thaler.
7. The book has been translated into over 40 languages.
8. Kahneman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for his work on behavioral economics.
UNIT 6
The Social Animal by Elliot Aronson (1972)
Key Ideas:
Attribution Theory:
People are motivated to understand the causes of their own and others’ behavior.
Attribution theory describes how people make these attributions, which can be either internal (due to personal factors) or external (due to situational factors).
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate internal attributions and underestimate external attributions when explaining others’ behavior.